Combining the WR condition with vocabulary study may augment students' gains. With significant gains on more reading measures, the WR condition appears superior to the RR condition as a fluency program for struggling college readers. Results suggest that effects of fluency instruction be sought at the local level processes of reading using the maze test, which reliably detected reading improvements from fluency instruction (RR, WR) and vocabulary study (VS) in only 9 sessions. Unreliable patterns of error detection were observed for all groups at pretest and post-test. Recent special issues Youth and Adult Education, Literacies and Decoloniality Global Policy Mobilities in Federal Education Systems Teacher Subjectivities in. Paired-samples t-test analyses revealed (a) significant gains for the WR condition in vocabulary (p = 0.043), silent reading rate (p less than 0.05), maze (p less than 0.05) and working memory (p less than 0.05) (b) significant gains for the RR students in silent reading rate (p = 0.05) and maze (p = 0.006) and (c) significant increases on vocabulary (p less than 0.05), maze (p = 0.005), and MARSI (p less than 0.005) for the VS group at posttest. All pretest measures except for the ART and reading surveys were readministered at posttest to training groups. At pretest, all participants completed the Nelson Denny Reading Test, Test of Word Reading Efficiency, Error Detection task (Albrecht & O'Brien, 1993), working memory test, Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies Inventory (MARSI Mokhtari & Reichard, 2002), a maze test, Author Recognition Test (ART), and reading survey. An additional 13 students reading at college level provided comparison data. RR students read an instructional-level text consecutively four times before answering comprehension questions about it WR students read four instructional-level texts each once and answered questions while the VS group studied and took a quiz on academic vocabulary. Thirty-three students reading below college level were randomly assigned to a Repeated Readings (RR), a Wide Reading (WR), or a Vocabulary Study (VS) condition and received training in 9 sessions of 30 minutes in a Southeast community college. Ari ethnic communities in southern Ethiopia.

More specific components (i.e., error detection) of comprehension may yield larger effects through exposure to a wider range of materials than repeated readings (Kuhn, 2005b). Saad Bin Omer, MBBS, MPH, PhD, Education, Emory University Rollins School of. 2010 A glimpse at Islam and Islamic history of Ethiopia: a review of. Fluency instruction has had limited effects on reading comprehension relative to reading rate and prosodic reading (Dowhower, 1987 Herman, 1985 National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 2000a).

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